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//Example2_3 
//main.cpp 
//Ernest Pazera 
//08OCT2001 
//TGO-02-B, C, D 
//Libs: d3d8.lib 
 
#include 	//include windows stuff 
#include 		//standard input/output 
#include "D3D8.h"	//include direct3d8 stuff 
#include "d3dfmtutils.h"	//include format utility functions 
 
//constants 
	//window class name 
	const char* WINDOWCLASS = "3D42DGP" ; 
	//window title 
	const char* WINDOWTITLE = "Example 2.3 (TGO-02-B, C, D): Viewports and Presenting" ; 
	//screen width and height 
	const int SCREENWIDTH = 640 ; 
	const int SCREENHEIGHT = 480 ; 
	//cell columns and rows 
	const int CELLCOLUMNS = 10 ; 
	const int CELLROWS = 10 ; 
	//cell width 
	const int CELLWIDTH = SCREENWIDTH / CELLCOLUMNS ; 
	//cell height 
	const int CELLHEIGHT = SCREENHEIGHT / CELLROWS ; 
 
//globals 
	//instance handle 
	HINSTANCE g_hInstance = NULL ; 
	//window handle 
	HWND g_hWnd = NULL ; 
	//IDirect3D8 pointer 
	IDirect3D8* g_pd3d = NULL ; 
	//device type in use 
	D3DDEVTYPE g_devtype ; 
	//device pointer 
	IDirect3DDevice8* g_pd3ddev = NULL ; 
	//main viewport 
	D3DVIEWPORT8 g_vpmain ; 
	//cell viewports 
	D3DRECT g_rccells [ CELLCOLUMNS ] [ CELLROWS ] ; 
	//game map 
	bool g_map [ CELLCOLUMNS ] [ CELLROWS ] ; 
 
//function prototypes 
	//winmain 
	int WINAPI WinMain ( HINSTANCE hInstance , HINSTANCE hPrevInstance , LPSTR lpCmdLine , int nShowCmd ) ; 
	//window procedure 
	LRESULT CALLBACK TheWindowProc ( HWND hWnd , UINT uMsg , WPARAM wParam , LPARAM lParam ) ; 
	//initialization 
	void Prog_Init ( ) ; 
	//clean up 
	void Prog_Done ( ) ; 
	//redraw frame 
	void RedrawFrame ( ) ; 
	//clear the map 
	void ClearMap ( ) ; 
	//make a move 
	void MakeMove ( int x , int y ) ; 
 
//window procedure 
LRESULT CALLBACK TheWindowProc ( HWND hWnd , UINT uMsg , WPARAM wParam , LPARAM lParam ) 
{ 
	//which message did we get? 
	switch ( uMsg ) 
	{ 
	case WM_KEYDOWN:	//a key has been pressed 
		{ 
			//if escape pressed, destroy window 
			if ( wParam == VK_ESCAPE ) DestroyWindow ( hWnd ) ; 
 
			//return 0 
			return ( 0 ) ; 
 
		} break ; 
	case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:	//left mouse button press 
		{ 
			//grab x and y coordinates 
			int x = LOWORD ( lParam ) ; 
			int y = HIWORD ( lParam ) ; 
 
			//calulate cell 
			x /= CELLWIDTH ; 
			y /= CELLHEIGHT ; 
 
			//make a move 
			MakeMove ( x , y ) ; 
 
			//refresh frame 
			RedrawFrame ( ) ; 
 
			//return 0 
			return ( 0 ) ; 
 
		} break ; 
	case WM_DESTROY : //window being destroyed 
		{ 
			//quit 
 
			PostQuitMessage ( 0 ) ; 
 
			//message handled, return 0 
 
			return ( 0 ) ; 
 
		} break ; 
	default:  //all other messages, send to default handler 
		return ( DefWindowProc ( hWnd , uMsg , wParam , lParam ) ) ; 
	} 
} 
 
//winmain 
int WINAPI WinMain ( HINSTANCE hInstance , HINSTANCE hPrevInstance , LPSTR lpCmdLine , int nShowCmd ) 
{ 
	//grab instance handle 
	g_hInstance = hInstance ; 
 
	//redirect stderr and stdout output 
	freopen ( "stdout.txt" , "w" , stdout ) ; 
 
	//fill in window class 
	WNDCLASSEX wc ; 
	wc.cbClsExtra = 0 ;	//no extra class information 
	wc.cbSize = sizeof ( WNDCLASSEX ) ; //size of structure 
	wc.cbWndExtra = 0 ;	//no extra window information 
	wc.hbrBackground = ( HBRUSH ) GetStockObject ( BLACK_BRUSH ) ;	//black brush 
	wc.hCursor = LoadCursor ( NULL , MAKEINTRESOURCE ( IDC_ARROW ) ) ;	//arrow cursor 
	wc.hIcon = NULL ;	//no icon 
	wc.hIconSm = NULL ;	//no small icon 
	wc.hInstance = g_hInstance ;	//instance handle 
	wc.lpfnWndProc = TheWindowProc ;	//window procedure 
	wc.lpszClassName = WINDOWCLASS ;	//name of class 
	wc.lpszMenuName = NULL ;	//no menu 
	wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW | CS_DBLCLKS | CS_OWNDC ;	//class styles 
 
	//register window class 
	RegisterClassEx ( &wc ) ; 
 
	//create window 
	g_hWnd = CreateWindowEx ( 0 , WINDOWCLASS , WINDOWTITLE , WS_POPUP , 0 , 0 , 640 , 480 , NULL , NULL , g_hInstance , NULL ) ; 
 
	//show the window 
	ShowWindow ( g_hWnd , nShowCmd ) ; 
 
	//initialization 
	Prog_Init ( ) ; 
 
	MSG msg ; 
	//message pump 
	for ( ; ; )  
	{ 
		//check for a message 
		if ( PeekMessage( &msg , NULL , 0 , 0 , PM_REMOVE ) ) 
		{ 
			//message exists 
 
			//check for quit message 
			if ( msg.message == WM_QUIT ) break ; 
 
			//translate the message 
			TranslateMessage ( &msg ) ; 
 
			//dispatch the message 
			DispatchMessage ( &msg ) ; 
		} 
	} 
 
	//clean up 
	Prog_Done ( ) ; 
 
	//exit 
	return ( msg.wParam ) ; 
} 
 
//initialization 
void Prog_Init ( )  
{ 
	//seed the random generator 
	srand ( GetTickCount ( ) ) ; 
 
	//create the IDirect3D8 object 
	g_pd3d = Direct3DCreate8 ( D3D_SDK_VERSION ) ; 
 
	//error check 
	if ( g_pd3d ) 
	{ 
		//success 
		fprintf ( stdout , "IDirect3D8 object created successfully.\n" ) ; 
	} 
	else 
	{ 
		//failure 
		fprintf ( stdout , "IDirect3D8 object creation failed.\n" ) ; 
 
		//cannot proceed, so return 
		return ; 
	} 
 
	//find display mode 
	D3DDISPLAYMODE mode ; 
	UINT nDisplayModeCount = g_pd3d->GetAdapterModeCount ( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT ) ; 
 
	//loop through display modes 
	for ( UINT nDisplayMode = 0 ; nDisplayMode < nDisplayModeCount ; nDisplayMode ++ )  
	{ 
		//check next display mode 
		g_pd3d->EnumAdapterModes ( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT , nDisplayMode , &mode ) ; 
 
		//if it matches desired screen width, break out of loop 
		if ( mode.Width == SCREENWIDTH && mode.Height == SCREENHEIGHT ) break ; 
	} 
 
	//check for proper sized mode 
	if ( mode.Width != SCREENWIDTH || mode.Height != SCREENHEIGHT )  
	{ 
		//did not find mode 
		//post quit message 
		PostQuitMessage ( 0 ) ; 
 
		//report 
		fprintf ( stdout , "Did not find display mode!\n" ) ; 
 
		//return 
		return ; 
	} 
	else 
	{ 
		//found mode 
		//report 
		fprintf ( stdout , "Found display mode.\n" ) ; 
	} 
 
 
	//set up presentation parameters 
	D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS parms; 
 
	//back buffer information 
	parms.BackBufferWidth = mode.Width ; //use mode width 
	parms.BackBufferHeight = mode.Height ; //use mode height 
	parms.BackBufferFormat = mode.Format ; //use format of mode 
	parms.BackBufferCount = 1 ; //make one back buffer 
 
	//multisampling  
	parms.MultiSampleType = D3DMULTISAMPLE_NONE ; 
 
	//swap effect 
	parms.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_COPY ; //we want to copy from back buffer to screen 
 
	//destination window 
	parms.hDeviceWindow = g_hWnd ;  
	parms.Windowed = FALSE ; 
 
	//depth buffer information 
	parms.EnableAutoDepthStencil = FALSE ; 
	parms.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_UNKNOWN ; 
 
	//flags 
	parms.Flags = 0 ; 
 
	//refresh rate and presentation interval 
	parms.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = mode.RefreshRate ; //use mode's refresh rate 
	parms.FullScreen_PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_DEFAULT ; 
 
	//attempt to create a HAL device 
	HRESULT hr ; //store return values in this variable 
	hr = g_pd3d->CreateDevice ( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT , D3DDEVTYPE_HAL , g_hWnd , D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING , &parms , &g_pd3ddev ) ; 
 
	//error check 
	if ( FAILED ( hr ) ) 
	{ 
		//could not create HAL device 
		fprintf ( stdout , "Could not create HAL device!\n" ) ; 
 
		//attempt to make REF device 
		hr = g_pd3d->CreateDevice ( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT , D3DDEVTYPE_REF , g_hWnd , D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING , &parms , &g_pd3ddev ) ; 
 
		if ( FAILED ( hr ) ) 
		{ 
			//could not create REF device 
			fprintf ( stdout , "Could not create REF device!\n" ) ; 
 
			//post a quit message 
			PostQuitMessage ( 0 ) ; 
		} 
		else 
		{ 
			//successfully made REF device, store this value in a global 
			g_devtype = D3DDEVTYPE_REF ; 
 
			//report 
			fprintf ( stdout , "Successfully created REF device.\n" ) ; 
		} 
	} 
	else 
	{ 
		//successfully made a HAL device, store this value in a global 
		g_devtype = D3DDEVTYPE_HAL ; 
 
		//report 
		fprintf ( stdout , "Successfully created HAL device.\n" ) ; 
	} 
 
	//set up viewports 
	//main viewport 
	g_vpmain.X = 0 ; 
	g_vpmain.Y = 0 ; 
	g_vpmain.Width = SCREENWIDTH ; 
	g_vpmain.Height = SCREENHEIGHT ; 
	g_vpmain.MinZ = 0.0f ; 
	g_vpmain.MaxZ = 1.0f ; 
 
	//set the viewport 
	g_pd3ddev->SetViewport ( &g_vpmain ) ; 
  
	//cell RECTs 
	//loop through columns 
	for ( int x = 0 ; x < CELLCOLUMNS ; x ++ ) 
	{ 
		//loop through rows 
		for ( int y = 0 ; y < CELLROWS ; y ++ ) 
		{ 
			//set up viewport 
			g_rccells [ x ] [ y ].x1 = CELLWIDTH * x + 1 ; 
			g_rccells [ x ] [ y ].y1 = CELLHEIGHT * y + 1 ; 
			g_rccells [ x ] [ y ].x2 =g_rccells [ x ] [ y ].x1 + CELLWIDTH - 2 ; 
			g_rccells [ x ] [ y ].y2 = g_rccells [ x ] [ y ].y1 + CELLHEIGHT - 2 ; 
		} 
	} 
 
	//set up the map 
	ClearMap ( ) ;//clear out the map 
 
	for ( int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i ++ )//make 10 random moves 
	{ 
		MakeMove ( rand ( ) % CELLCOLUMNS , rand ( ) % CELLROWS ) ; 
	} 
 
	//redraw the frame 
	RedrawFrame ( ) ; 
} 
 
//clean up 
void Prog_Done ( )  
{ 
	//safe release of device 
	if ( g_pd3ddev )  
	{ 
		//release 
		g_pd3ddev->Release ( ) ; 
 
		//set to null 
		g_pd3ddev = NULL ; 
 
		//report 
		fprintf ( stdout , "IDirect3DDevice8 object released.\n" ) ; 
	} 
 
	//safe release of IDirect3D8 object 
	if ( g_pd3d ) 
	{ 
		//release 
		g_pd3d->Release ( ) ; 
 
		//set to null 
		g_pd3d = NULL ; 
 
		//report action 
		fprintf ( stdout , "IDirect3D8 object released.\n" ) ; 
	} 
} 
 
//redraw frame 
void RedrawFrame ( )  
{ 
	//clear the screen 
	g_pd3ddev->Clear ( 0 , NULL , D3DCLEAR_TARGET , D3DCOLOR_XRGB ( 128 , 128 , 128 ) , 0.0f, 0 ) ; 
 
	D3DCOLOR col ; 
 
	//clear the cells 
	for ( int x = 0 ; x < CELLCOLUMNS ; x ++ ) 
	{ 
		for ( int y = 0 ; y < CELLCOLUMNS ; y ++ )  
		{ 
			//set the cell viewport 
			g_pd3ddev->SetViewport ( &g_vpmain ) ; 
 
			//unlit color 
			col = D3DCOLOR_XRGB ( 0 , 0 , 255 ) ; 
 
			//lit color 
			if ( g_map [ x ] [ y ] ) col = D3DCOLOR_XRGB ( 255 , 255 , 0 ) ; 
 
			//clear the viewport 
			g_pd3ddev->Clear ( 1 , &g_rccells [ x ] [ y ] , D3DCLEAR_TARGET , col , 0.0f, 0 ) ; 
		} 
	} 
 
	//present the scene 
	g_pd3ddev->Present ( NULL , NULL , NULL , NULL ) ; 
} 
 
//clear the map 
void ClearMap ( )  
{ 
	//clear out map cells to false 
	for ( int x = 0 ; x < CELLCOLUMNS ; x ++ ) 
	{ 
		for ( int y = 0 ; y < CELLROWS ; y ++ ) 
		{ 
			g_map [ x ] [ y ] = false ; 
		} 
	} 
} 
 
//make a move 
void MakeMove ( int x , int y )  
{ 
	//toggle center cell 
	g_map [ x ] [ y ] = ! g_map [ x ] [ y ] ; 
 
	//toggle cell to left 
	if ( x > 0 ) g_map [ x - 1 ] [ y ] = ! g_map [ x - 1 ] [ y ] ; 
 
	//toggle cell to right 
	if ( x < CELLCOLUMNS - 1 ) g_map [ x + 1 ] [ y ] = ! g_map [ x + 1 ] [ y ] ; 
 
	//toggle cell above 
	if ( y > 0 ) g_map [ x ] [ y  - 1 ] = ! g_map [ x ] [ y - 1 ] ; 
 
	//toggle cell below 
	if ( y < CELLROWS - 1 ) g_map [ x ] [ y + 1 ] = ! g_map [ x ] [ y + 1 ] ; 
}