www.pudn.com > nasm-0.98.zip > disasm.c


/* disasm.c   where all the _work_ gets done in the Netwide Disassembler 
 * 
 * The Netwide Assembler is copyright (C) 1996 Simon Tatham and 
 * Julian Hall. All rights reserved. The software is 
 * redistributable under the licence given in the file "Licence" 
 * distributed in the NASM archive. 
 * 
 * initial version 27/iii/95 by Simon Tatham 
 */ 
 
#include  
#include  
 
#include "nasm.h" 
#include "disasm.h" 
#include "sync.h" 
#include "insns.h" 
 
#include "names.c" 
 
extern struct itemplate **itable[]; 
 
/* 
 * Flags that go into the `segment' field of `insn' structures 
 * during disassembly. 
 */ 
#define SEG_RELATIVE 1 
#define SEG_32BIT 2 
#define SEG_RMREG 4 
#define SEG_DISP8 8 
#define SEG_DISP16 16 
#define SEG_DISP32 32 
#define SEG_NODISP 64 
#define SEG_SIGNED 128 
 
static int whichreg(long regflags, int regval)  
{ 
    static int reg32[] = { 
	R_EAX, R_ECX, R_EDX, R_EBX, R_ESP, R_EBP, R_ESI, R_EDI }; 
    static int reg16[] = { 
	R_AX, R_CX, R_DX, R_BX, R_SP, R_BP, R_SI, R_DI }; 
    static int reg8[] = { 
	R_AL, R_CL, R_DL, R_BL, R_AH, R_CH, R_DH, R_BH }; 
    static int sreg[] = { 
	R_ES, R_CS, R_SS, R_DS, R_FS, R_GS, 0, 0 }; 
    static int creg[] = { 
	R_CR0, 0, R_CR2, R_CR3, R_CR4, 0, 0, 0 }; 
    static int dreg[] = { 
	R_DR0, R_DR1, R_DR2, R_DR3, 0, 0, R_DR6, R_DR7 }; 
    static int treg[] = { 
	0, 0, 0, R_TR3, R_TR4, R_TR5, R_TR6, R_TR7 }; 
    static int fpureg[] = { 
	R_ST0, R_ST1, R_ST2, R_ST3, R_ST4, R_ST5, R_ST6, R_ST7 }; 
    static int mmxreg[] = { 
	R_MM0, R_MM1, R_MM2, R_MM3, R_MM4, R_MM5, R_MM6, R_MM7 }; 
    static int xmmreg[] = { 
	R_XMM0, R_XMM1, R_XMM2, R_XMM3, R_XMM4, R_XMM5, R_XMM6, R_XMM7 }; 
 
    if (!(REG_AL & ~regflags)) 
	return R_AL; 
    if (!(REG_AX & ~regflags)) 
	return R_AX; 
    if (!(REG_EAX & ~regflags)) 
	return R_EAX; 
    if (!(REG_DX & ~regflags)) 
	return R_DX; 
    if (!(REG_CL & ~regflags)) 
	return R_CL; 
    if (!(REG_CX & ~regflags)) 
	return R_CX; 
    if (!(REG_ECX & ~regflags)) 
	return R_ECX; 
    if (!(REG_CR4 & ~regflags)) 
	return R_CR4; 
    if (!(FPU0 & ~regflags)) 
	return R_ST0; 
    if (!(REG_CS & ~regflags)) 
	return R_CS; 
    if (!(REG_DESS & ~regflags)) 
	return (regval == 0 || regval == 2 || regval == 3 ? sreg[regval] : 0); 
    if (!(REG_FSGS & ~regflags)) 
	return (regval == 4 || regval == 5 ? sreg[regval] : 0); 
    if (!((REGMEM|BITS8) & ~regflags)) 
	return reg8[regval]; 
    if (!((REGMEM|BITS16) & ~regflags)) 
	return reg16[regval]; 
    if (!((REGMEM|BITS32) & ~regflags)) 
	return reg32[regval]; 
    if (!(REG_SREG & ~regflags)) 
	return sreg[regval]; 
    if (!(REG_CREG & ~regflags)) 
	return creg[regval]; 
    if (!(REG_DREG & ~regflags)) 
	return dreg[regval]; 
    if (!(REG_TREG & ~regflags)) 
	return treg[regval]; 
    if (!(FPUREG & ~regflags)) 
	return fpureg[regval]; 
    if (!(MMXREG & ~regflags)) 
	return mmxreg[regval]; 
    if (!(XMMREG & ~regflags)) 
	return xmmreg[regval]; 
    return 0; 
} 
 
static char *whichcond(int condval)  
{ 
    static int conds[] = { 
	C_O, C_NO, C_C, C_NC, C_Z, C_NZ, C_NA, C_A, 
	C_S, C_NS, C_PE, C_PO, C_L, C_NL, C_NG, C_G 
    }; 
    return conditions[conds[condval]]; 
} 
 
/* 
 * Process an effective address (ModRM) specification. 
 */ 
static unsigned char *do_ea (unsigned char *data, int modrm, int asize, 
			     int segsize, operand *op)  
{ 
    int mod, rm, scale, index, base; 
 
    mod = (modrm >> 6) & 03; 
    rm = modrm & 07; 
 
    if (mod == 3) {		       /* pure register version */ 
	op->basereg = rm; 
	op->segment |= SEG_RMREG; 
	return data; 
    } 
 
    op->addr_size = 0; 
 
    if (asize == 16) { 
	/* 
	 *  specifies the displacement size (none, byte or 
	 * word), and  specifies the register combination. 
	 * Exception: mod=0,rm=6 does not specify [BP] as one might 
	 * expect, but instead specifies [disp16]. 
	 */ 
	op->indexreg = op->basereg = -1; 
	op->scale = 1;		       /* always, in 16 bits */ 
	switch (rm) { 
	  case 0: op->basereg = R_BX; op->indexreg = R_SI; break; 
	  case 1: op->basereg = R_BX; op->indexreg = R_DI; break; 
	  case 2: op->basereg = R_BP; op->indexreg = R_SI; break; 
	  case 3: op->basereg = R_BP; op->indexreg = R_DI; break; 
	  case 4: op->basereg = R_SI; break; 
	  case 5: op->basereg = R_DI; break; 
	  case 6: op->basereg = R_BP; break; 
	  case 7: op->basereg = R_BX; break; 
	} 
	if (rm == 6 && mod == 0) {     /* special case */ 
	    op->basereg = -1; 
	    if (segsize != 16) 
		op->addr_size = 16; 
	    mod = 2;		       /* fake disp16 */ 
	} 
	switch (mod) { 
	  case 0: 
	    op->segment |= SEG_NODISP; 
	    break; 
	  case 1: 
	    op->segment |= SEG_DISP8; 
	    op->offset = (signed char) *data++; 
	    break; 
	  case 2: 
	    op->segment |= SEG_DISP16; 
	    op->offset = *data++; 
	    op->offset |= (*data++) << 8; 
	    break; 
	} 
	return data; 
    } else { 
	/* 
	 * Once again,  specifies displacement size (this time 
	 * none, byte or *dword*), while  specifies the base 
	 * register. Again, [EBP] is missing, replaced by a pure 
	 * disp32 (this time that's mod=0,rm=*5*). However, rm=4 
	 * indicates not a single base register, but instead the 
	 * presence of a SIB byte... 
	 */ 
	op->indexreg = -1; 
	switch (rm) { 
	  case 0: op->basereg = R_EAX; break; 
	  case 1: op->basereg = R_ECX; break; 
	  case 2: op->basereg = R_EDX; break; 
	  case 3: op->basereg = R_EBX; break; 
	  case 5: op->basereg = R_EBP; break; 
	  case 6: op->basereg = R_ESI; break; 
	  case 7: op->basereg = R_EDI; break; 
	} 
	if (rm == 5 && mod == 0) { 
	    op->basereg = -1; 
	    if (segsize != 32) 
		op->addr_size = 32; 
	    mod = 2;		       /* fake disp32 */ 
	} 
	if (rm == 4) {		       /* process SIB */ 
	    scale = (*data >> 6) & 03; 
	    index = (*data >> 3) & 07; 
	    base = *data & 07; 
	    data++; 
 
	    op->scale = 1 << scale; 
	    switch (index) { 
	      case 0: op->indexreg = R_EAX; break; 
	      case 1: op->indexreg = R_ECX; break; 
	      case 2: op->indexreg = R_EDX; break; 
	      case 3: op->indexreg = R_EBX; break; 
	      case 4: op->indexreg = -1; break; 
	      case 5: op->indexreg = R_EBP; break; 
	      case 6: op->indexreg = R_ESI; break; 
	      case 7: op->indexreg = R_EDI; break; 
	    } 
 
	    switch (base) { 
	      case 0: op->basereg = R_EAX; break; 
	      case 1: op->basereg = R_ECX; break; 
	      case 2: op->basereg = R_EDX; break; 
	      case 3: op->basereg = R_EBX; break; 
	      case 4: op->basereg = R_ESP; break; 
	      case 6: op->basereg = R_ESI; break; 
	      case 7: op->basereg = R_EDI; break; 
	      case 5: 
		if (mod == 0) { 
		    mod = 2; 
		    op->basereg = -1; 
		} else 
		    op->basereg = R_EBP; 
		break; 
	    } 
	} 
	switch (mod) { 
	  case 0: 
	    op->segment |= SEG_NODISP; 
	    break; 
	  case 1: 
	    op->segment |= SEG_DISP8; 
	    op->offset = (signed char) *data++; 
	    break; 
	  case 2: 
	    op->segment |= SEG_DISP32; 
	    op->offset = *data++; 
	    op->offset |= (*data++) << 8; 
	    op->offset |= ((long) *data++) << 16; 
	    op->offset |= ((long) *data++) << 24; 
	    break; 
	} 
	return data; 
    } 
} 
 
/* 
 * Determine whether the instruction template in t corresponds to the data 
 * stream in data. Return the number of bytes matched if so. 
 */ 
static int matches (struct itemplate *t, unsigned char *data, int asize, 
		    int osize, int segsize, int rep, insn *ins)  
{ 
    unsigned char * r = (unsigned char *)(t->code); 
    unsigned char * origdata = data; 
    int           a_used = FALSE, o_used = FALSE; 
    int           drep = 0; 
 
    if ( rep == 0xF2 ) 
      drep = P_REPNE; 
    else if ( rep == 0xF3 ) 
      drep = P_REP; 
 
    while (*r)  
    { 
	int c = *r++; 
	if (c >= 01 && c <= 03) { 
	    while (c--) 
		if (*r++ != *data++) 
		    return FALSE; 
	} 
	if (c == 04) { 
	    switch (*data++) { 
	      case 0x07: ins->oprs[0].basereg = 0; break; 
	      case 0x17: ins->oprs[0].basereg = 2; break; 
	      case 0x1F: ins->oprs[0].basereg = 3; break; 
	      default: return FALSE; 
	    } 
	} 
	if (c == 05) { 
	    switch (*data++) { 
	      case 0xA1: ins->oprs[0].basereg = 4; break; 
	      case 0xA9: ins->oprs[0].basereg = 5; break; 
	      default: return FALSE; 
	    } 
	} 
	if (c == 06) { 
	    switch (*data++) { 
	      case 0x06: ins->oprs[0].basereg = 0; break; 
	      case 0x0E: ins->oprs[0].basereg = 1; break; 
	      case 0x16: ins->oprs[0].basereg = 2; break; 
	      case 0x1E: ins->oprs[0].basereg = 3; break; 
	      default: return FALSE; 
	    } 
	} 
	if (c == 07) { 
	    switch (*data++) { 
	      case 0xA0: ins->oprs[0].basereg = 4; break; 
	      case 0xA8: ins->oprs[0].basereg = 5; break; 
	      default: return FALSE; 
	    } 
	} 
	if (c >= 010 && c <= 012) { 
	    int t = *r++, d = *data++; 
	    if (d < t || d > t+7) 
		return FALSE; 
	    else { 
		ins->oprs[c-010].basereg = d-t; 
		ins->oprs[c-010].segment |= SEG_RMREG; 
	    } 
	} 
	if (c == 017) 
	    if (*data++) 
		return FALSE; 
	if (c >= 014 && c <= 016) { 
	    ins->oprs[c-014].offset = (signed char) *data++; 
	    ins->oprs[c-014].segment |= SEG_SIGNED; 
	} 
	if (c >= 020 && c <= 022) 
	    ins->oprs[c-020].offset = *data++; 
	if (c >= 024 && c <= 026) 
	    ins->oprs[c-024].offset = *data++; 
	if (c >= 030 && c <= 032) { 
	    ins->oprs[c-030].offset = *data++; 
	    ins->oprs[c-030].offset |= (*data++ << 8); 
	} 
	if (c >= 034 && c <= 036) { 
	    ins->oprs[c-034].offset = *data++; 
	    ins->oprs[c-034].offset |= (*data++ << 8); 
	    if (asize == 32) { 
		ins->oprs[c-034].offset |= (((long) *data++) << 16); 
		ins->oprs[c-034].offset |= (((long) *data++) << 24); 
	    } 
	    if (segsize != asize) 
		ins->oprs[c-034].addr_size = asize; 
	} 
	if (c >= 040 && c <= 042) { 
	    ins->oprs[c-040].offset = *data++; 
	    ins->oprs[c-040].offset |= (*data++ << 8); 
	    ins->oprs[c-040].offset |= (((long) *data++) << 16); 
	    ins->oprs[c-040].offset |= (((long) *data++) << 24); 
	} 
	if (c >= 050 && c <= 052) { 
	    ins->oprs[c-050].offset = (signed char) *data++; 
	    ins->oprs[c-050].segment |= SEG_RELATIVE; 
	} 
	if (c >= 060 && c <= 062) { 
	    ins->oprs[c-060].offset = *data++; 
	    ins->oprs[c-060].offset |= (*data++ << 8); 
	    ins->oprs[c-060].segment |= SEG_RELATIVE; 
	    ins->oprs[c-060].segment &= ~SEG_32BIT; 
	} 
	if (c >= 064 && c <= 066) { 
	    ins->oprs[c-064].offset = *data++; 
	    ins->oprs[c-064].offset |= (*data++ << 8); 
	    if (asize == 32) { 
		ins->oprs[c-064].offset |= (((long) *data++) << 16); 
		ins->oprs[c-064].offset |= (((long) *data++) << 24); 
		ins->oprs[c-064].segment |= SEG_32BIT; 
	    } else 
		ins->oprs[c-064].segment &= ~SEG_32BIT; 
	    ins->oprs[c-064].segment |= SEG_RELATIVE; 
	    if (segsize != asize) 
		ins->oprs[c-064].addr_size = asize; 
	} 
	if (c >= 070 && c <= 072) { 
	    ins->oprs[c-070].offset = *data++; 
	    ins->oprs[c-070].offset |= (*data++ << 8); 
	    ins->oprs[c-070].offset |= (((long) *data++) << 16); 
	    ins->oprs[c-070].offset |= (((long) *data++) << 24); 
	    ins->oprs[c-070].segment |= SEG_32BIT | SEG_RELATIVE; 
	} 
	if (c >= 0100 && c <= 0177) { 
	    int modrm = *data++; 
	    ins->oprs[c & 07].basereg = (modrm >> 3) & 07; 
	    ins->oprs[c & 07].segment |= SEG_RMREG; 
	    data = do_ea (data, modrm, asize, segsize, 
			  &ins->oprs[(c >> 3) & 07]); 
	} 
	if (c >= 0200 && c <= 0277) { 
	    int modrm = *data++; 
	    if (((modrm >> 3) & 07) != (c & 07)) 
		return FALSE;	       /* spare field doesn't match up */ 
	    data = do_ea (data, modrm, asize, segsize, 
			  &ins->oprs[(c >> 3) & 07]); 
	} 
	if (c >= 0300 && c <= 0302) { 
	    if (asize) 
		ins->oprs[c-0300].segment |= SEG_32BIT; 
	    else 
		ins->oprs[c-0300].segment &= ~SEG_32BIT; 
	    a_used = TRUE; 
	} 
	if (c == 0310) { 
	    if (asize == 32) 
		return FALSE; 
	    else 
		a_used = TRUE; 
	} 
	if (c == 0311) { 
	    if (asize == 16) 
		return FALSE; 
	    else 
		a_used = TRUE; 
	} 
	if (c == 0312) { 
	    if (asize != segsize) 
		return FALSE; 
	    else 
		a_used = TRUE; 
	} 
	if (c == 0320) { 
	    if (osize == 32) 
		return FALSE; 
	    else 
		o_used = TRUE; 
	} 
	if (c == 0321) { 
	    if (osize == 16) 
		return FALSE; 
	    else 
		o_used = TRUE; 
	} 
	if (c == 0322) { 
	    if (osize != segsize) 
		return FALSE; 
	    else 
		o_used = TRUE; 
	} 
	if (c == 0330) { 
	    int t = *r++, d = *data++; 
	    if (d < t || d > t+15) 
		return FALSE; 
	    else 
		ins->condition = d - t; 
	} 
	if (c == 0331) { 
	    if ( rep ) 
	        return FALSE; 
	} 
	if (c == 0332) { 
	    if (drep == P_REP) 
	        drep = P_REPE; 
	} 
	if (c == 0333) { 
	    if ( rep != 0xF3 ) 
	        return FALSE; 
	    drep = 0; 
	} 
    } 
 
    /* 
     * Check for unused rep or a/o prefixes. 
     */ 
    ins->nprefix = 0; 
    if (drep) 
        ins->prefixes[ins->nprefix++] = drep; 
    if (!a_used && asize != segsize) 
	ins->prefixes[ins->nprefix++] = (asize == 16 ? P_A16 : P_A32); 
    if (!o_used && osize != segsize) 
	ins->prefixes[ins->nprefix++] = (osize == 16 ? P_O16 : P_O32); 
 
    return data - origdata; 
} 
 
long disasm (unsigned char *data, char *output, int segsize, long offset, 
	     int autosync, unsigned long prefer) 
{ 
    struct itemplate **p, **best_p; 
    int length, best_length = 0; 
    char *segover; 
    int rep, lock, asize, osize, i, slen, colon; 
    unsigned char *origdata; 
    int works; 
    insn tmp_ins, ins; 
    unsigned long goodness, best; 
 
    /* 
     * Scan for prefixes. 
     */ 
    asize = osize = segsize; 
    segover = NULL; 
    rep = lock = 0; 
    origdata = data; 
    for (;;) { 
	if (*data == 0xF3 || *data == 0xF2) 
	    rep = *data++; 
	else if (*data == 0xF0) 
	    lock = *data++; 
	else if (*data == 0x2E || *data == 0x36 || *data == 0x3E || 
		 *data == 0x26 || *data == 0x64 || *data == 0x65) { 
	    switch (*data++) { 
	      case 0x2E: segover = "cs"; break; 
	      case 0x36: segover = "ss"; break; 
	      case 0x3E: segover = "ds"; break; 
	      case 0x26: segover = "es"; break; 
	      case 0x64: segover = "fs"; break; 
	      case 0x65: segover = "gs"; break; 
	    } 
	} else if (*data == 0x66) 
	    osize = 48 - segsize, data++; 
	else if (*data == 0x67) 
	    asize = 48 - segsize, data++; 
	else 
	    break; 
    } 
 
    tmp_ins.oprs[0].segment = tmp_ins.oprs[1].segment = 
    tmp_ins.oprs[2].segment = 
    tmp_ins.oprs[0].addr_size = tmp_ins.oprs[1].addr_size = 
      tmp_ins.oprs[2].addr_size = (segsize == 16 ? 0 : SEG_32BIT); 
    tmp_ins.condition = -1; 
    best = ~0UL;		/* Worst possible */ 
    best_p = NULL; 
    for (p = itable[*data]; *p; p++) { 
      if ( (length = matches(*p, data, asize, osize, 
			     segsize, rep, &tmp_ins)) ) { 
	works = TRUE; 
	/* 
	 * Final check to make sure the types of r/m match up. 
	 */ 
	for (i = 0; i < (*p)->operands; i++) { 
	  if ( 
	      /* If it's a mem-only EA but we have a register, die. */ 
	      ((tmp_ins.oprs[i].segment & SEG_RMREG) && 
	       !(MEMORY & ~(*p)->opd[i])) || 
	       
	      /* If it's a reg-only EA but we have a memory ref, die. */ 
	      (!(tmp_ins.oprs[i].segment & SEG_RMREG) && 
	       !(REGNORM & ~(*p)->opd[i]) && 
	       !((*p)->opd[i] & REG_SMASK)) || 
	       
	      /* Register type mismatch (eg FS vs REG_DESS): die. */ 
	      ((((*p)->opd[i] & (REGISTER | FPUREG)) || 
		(tmp_ins.oprs[i].segment & SEG_RMREG)) && 
	       !whichreg ((*p)->opd[i], tmp_ins.oprs[i].basereg))) { 
	    works = FALSE; 
	    break; 
	  } 
	}   
	 
	if (works) { 
	  goodness = ((*p)->flags & IF_PFMASK) ^ prefer; 
	  if ( goodness < best ) { 
	    /* This is the best one found so far */ 
	    best        = goodness; 
	    best_p      = p; 
	    best_length = length; 
	    ins         = tmp_ins; 
	  } 
	} 
      } 
    } 
 
    if (!best_p) 
	return 0;		       /* no instruction was matched */ 
 
    /* Pick the best match */ 
    p      = best_p; 
    length = best_length; 
 
    slen = 0; 
 
    if (lock) 
	slen += sprintf(output+slen, "lock "); 
    for (i = 0; i < ins.nprefix; i++) 
	switch (ins.prefixes[i]) { 
	  case P_REP:   slen += sprintf(output+slen, "rep "); break; 
	  case P_REPE:  slen += sprintf(output+slen, "repe "); break; 
	  case P_REPNE: slen += sprintf(output+slen, "repne "); break; 
	  case P_A16:   slen += sprintf(output+slen, "a16 "); break; 
	  case P_A32:   slen += sprintf(output+slen, "a32 "); break; 
	  case P_O16:   slen += sprintf(output+slen, "o16 "); break; 
	  case P_O32:   slen += sprintf(output+slen, "o32 "); break; 
	} 
 
    for (i = 0; i < elements(ico); i++) 
	if ((*p)->opcode == ico[i]) { 
	    slen += sprintf(output+slen, "%s%s", icn[i], 
			    whichcond(ins.condition)); 
	    break; 
	} 
    if (i >= elements(ico)) 
	slen += sprintf(output+slen, "%s", insn_names[(*p)->opcode]); 
    colon = FALSE; 
    length += data - origdata;	       /* fix up for prefixes */ 
    for (i=0; i<(*p)->operands; i++) { 
	output[slen++] = (colon ? ':' : i==0 ? ' ' : ','); 
 
	if (ins.oprs[i].segment & SEG_RELATIVE) { 
	    ins.oprs[i].offset += offset + length; 
	    /* 
	     * sort out wraparound 
	     */ 
	    if (!(ins.oprs[i].segment & SEG_32BIT)) 
		ins.oprs[i].offset &= 0xFFFF; 
	    /* 
	     * add sync marker, if autosync is on 
	     */ 
	    if (autosync) 
		add_sync (ins.oprs[i].offset, 0L); 
	} 
 
	if ((*p)->opd[i] & COLON) 
	    colon = TRUE; 
	else 
	    colon = FALSE; 
 
	if (((*p)->opd[i] & (REGISTER | FPUREG)) || 
	    (ins.oprs[i].segment & SEG_RMREG))  
	{ 
	    ins.oprs[i].basereg = whichreg ((*p)->opd[i], 
					    ins.oprs[i].basereg); 
	    if ( (*p)->opd[i] & TO ) 
		slen += sprintf(output+slen, "to "); 
	    slen += sprintf(output+slen, "%s", 
			    reg_names[ins.oprs[i].basereg-EXPR_REG_START]); 
	} else if (!(UNITY & ~(*p)->opd[i])) { 
	    output[slen++] = '1'; 
	} else if ( (*p)->opd[i] & IMMEDIATE ) { 
	    if ( (*p)->opd[i] & BITS8 ) { 
		slen += sprintf(output+slen, "byte "); 
		if (ins.oprs[i].segment & SEG_SIGNED) { 
		    if (ins.oprs[i].offset < 0) { 
			ins.oprs[i].offset *= -1; 
			output[slen++] = '-'; 
		    } else 
			output[slen++] = '+'; 
		} 
	    } else if ( (*p)->opd[i] & BITS16 ) { 
		slen += sprintf(output+slen, "word "); 
	    } else if ( (*p)->opd[i] & BITS32 ) { 
		slen += sprintf(output+slen, "dword "); 
	    } else if ( (*p)->opd[i] & NEAR ) { 
		slen += sprintf(output+slen, "near "); 
	    } else if ( (*p)->opd[i] & SHORT ) { 
		slen += sprintf(output+slen, "short "); 
	    } 
	    slen += sprintf(output+slen, "0x%lx", ins.oprs[i].offset); 
	} else if ( !(MEM_OFFS & ~(*p)->opd[i]) ) { 
	    slen += sprintf(output+slen, "[%s%s%s0x%lx]", 
			    (segover ? segover : ""), 
			    (segover ? ":" : ""), 
			    (ins.oprs[i].addr_size == 32 ? "dword " : 
			     ins.oprs[i].addr_size == 16 ? "word " : ""), 
			    ins.oprs[i].offset); 
	    segover = NULL; 
	} else if ( !(REGMEM & ~(*p)->opd[i]) ) { 
	    int started = FALSE; 
	    if ( (*p)->opd[i] & BITS8 ) 
		slen += sprintf(output+slen, "byte "); 
	    if ( (*p)->opd[i] & BITS16 ) 
		slen += sprintf(output+slen, "word "); 
	    if ( (*p)->opd[i] & BITS32 ) 
		slen += sprintf(output+slen, "dword "); 
	    if ( (*p)->opd[i] & BITS64 ) 
		slen += sprintf(output+slen, "qword "); 
	    if ( (*p)->opd[i] & BITS80 ) 
		slen += sprintf(output+slen, "tword "); 
	    if ( (*p)->opd[i] & FAR ) 
		slen += sprintf(output+slen, "far "); 
	    if ( (*p)->opd[i] & NEAR ) 
		slen += sprintf(output+slen, "near "); 
	    output[slen++] = '['; 
	    if (ins.oprs[i].addr_size) 
		slen += sprintf(output+slen, "%s", 
				(ins.oprs[i].addr_size == 32 ? "dword " : 
				 ins.oprs[i].addr_size == 16 ? "word " : "")); 
	    if (segover) { 
		slen += sprintf(output+slen, "%s:", segover); 
		segover = NULL; 
	    } 
	    if (ins.oprs[i].basereg != -1) { 
		slen += sprintf(output+slen, "%s", 
				reg_names[(ins.oprs[i].basereg - 
					   EXPR_REG_START)]); 
		started = TRUE; 
	    } 
	    if (ins.oprs[i].indexreg != -1) { 
		if (started) 
		    output[slen++] = '+'; 
		slen += sprintf(output+slen, "%s", 
				reg_names[(ins.oprs[i].indexreg - 
					   EXPR_REG_START)]); 
		if (ins.oprs[i].scale > 1) 
		    slen += sprintf(output+slen, "*%d", ins.oprs[i].scale); 
		started = TRUE; 
	    } 
	    if (ins.oprs[i].segment & SEG_DISP8) { 
		int sign = '+'; 
		if (ins.oprs[i].offset & 0x80) { 
		    ins.oprs[i].offset = - (signed char) ins.oprs[i].offset; 
		    sign = '-'; 
		} 
		slen += sprintf(output+slen, "%c0x%lx", sign, 
				ins.oprs[i].offset); 
	    } else if (ins.oprs[i].segment & SEG_DISP16) { 
		if (started) 
		    output[slen++] = '+'; 
		slen += sprintf(output+slen, "0x%lx", ins.oprs[i].offset); 
	    } else if (ins.oprs[i].segment & SEG_DISP32) { 
		if (started) 
		    output[slen++] = '+'; 
		slen += sprintf(output+slen, "0x%lx", ins.oprs[i].offset); 
	    } 
	    output[slen++] = ']'; 
	} else { 
	    slen += sprintf(output+slen, "", i); 
	} 
    } 
    output[slen] = '\0'; 
    if (segover) {		       /* unused segment override */ 
	char *p = output; 
	int count = slen+1; 
	while (count--) 
	    p[count+3] = p[count]; 
	strncpy (output, segover, 2); 
	output[2] = ' '; 
    } 
    return length; 
} 
 
long eatbyte (unsigned char *data, char *output)  
{ 
    sprintf(output, "db 0x%02X", *data); 
    return 1; 
}